20FA_CH-BI308A-Biochemistry

This video will explain how CH/BI308 will function this semester as well as introduce you to some of the technology we will be using this term! See all of you in class on 8/24!

Do you want to learn about nutrition? Metabolism? Medicine and general health? This is the playlist for you! Biochemistry allows us to understand the large biomolecules that run all of our cellular functions, like proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. Equip yourself with knowledge so that you don't fall for any of those rampant medical hoaxes or diet fads! Some prior knowledge is assumed, so make sure you've gone through most of my general chemistry and organic chemistry playlists first!

Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us, and it’s impossible to make a perfect choice every time. But there are many ways to improve our chances — and one particularly effective technique is critical thinking. Samantha Agoos describes a 5-step process that may help you with any number of problems

Need to post your workbook activity? Just use Microsoft Office Lens connected to OneDrive. This tutorial shows you how simple it is! 

 DOWNLOAD OFFICE LENS iOS: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/micro... 

Android:https://play.google.com/store/apps/de... 

Microsoft Store: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/off... 

Report of the AAMC-HHMI Committee that helped to redevelop the new MCAT exam (2015). This reports details the various medical school competencies students should be able to demonstrate. 

This is my lecture video that covers all of chapter 1. Please use the below videos as supplemental review if necessary (and I do encourage you to use them).

To make this video shorter, I removed the "inner life of the cell" video that I reference at the start of the lecture. If you would like to watch the video, scroll down to section 3. 

power point presentation to use while following the video lecture

In biological molecules, the carbon skeleton determines their general 3D shape. But what’s on the surface of the molecules determines their chemical behavior. Small chemical species, hanging off the exterior of these molecules, bump into each other and react. These are known as FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. To understand what kinds of chemical reactions biological molecules can do, you have to understand the chemical behavior of the functional groups on the surface of the molecule. 

Updated video on biomolecules (macromolecules): carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids by the Amoeba Sisters including examples, functions, monomers, and structures!

Note: This video may say that the class "lipids" does not contain phosphates; however, phospholipids are a type of lipid that does. Fatty acids (the alkyl chains will not have phosphorus in them)

This video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts... (Note: The old version of this video was called biomolecule band.) 

 Video Note: Video mentions that many do not consider lipids to have true monomers. This is due to the fact that their building blocks are made of two different substances (glycerol and fatty acids) that attach to each other--rather than attaching as one type of monomer to another. Also, due the the diversity of lipids, there are lipids that have a very different structure than discussed in this video.

This animation shows you the function of plant and animal cells for middle school and high school biology, including organelles like the nucleus, nucleolus, DNA (chromosomes), ribosomes, mitochondria, etc. Also included are ATP molecules, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, microtubules, proteins, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell walls, cell membrane, cilia, flagellae, etc.

I reference this video in my lecture video, its a pretty fascinating video and I encourage you to watch it. As you watch it, see how many biomolecules and organelles you can identify.

Watch a reaction proceed over time. How does total energy affect a reaction rate? Vary temperature, barrier height, and potential energies. Record concentrations and time in order to extract rate coefficients. Do temperature dependent studies to extract Arrhenius parameters.

Feel free to play around with this simulator as you review thermodynamics and reaction spontaneity. 

http://www.ted.com Tom Wujec from Autodesk presents some surprisingly deep research into the "marshmallow problem" -- a simple team-building exercise that involves dry spaghetti, one yard of tape and a marshmallow. Who can build the tallest tower with these ingredients? And why does a surprising group always beat the average?

Dr. Hayden's lecture video that covers all of chapter 2. If you need more help/review with any of the subtopics covered in this chapter, please see the videos I have selected below. Additionally, use the chapter guide map above to see how my learning outcomes align with each video, assignment, and additional practice problems from the text. Don't forget to complete you pre-class assignment on Sapling prior to class and post any questions you may have to the muddies points discussion board above. 

this is the powerpoint I use in my presentation.

Explore some properties of water with the Amoeba Sisters! It's all about those hydrogen bonds. Video has handout: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts Terms discussed include adhesion, cohesion, surface tension, specific heat - all made possible by those amazing hydrogen bonds.

Remember those pesky iceboxes? Weak acids and bases establish equilibria, so we have to do iceboxes to figure out things about them. But don't worry, buffers are neat.

Example of calculating the pH of solution that is 1.00 M acetic acid and 1.00 M sodium acetate using ICE table. Another example of calculating pH of a solution that is 0.15 M ammonia and 0.35 M ammonium nitrate.

Mastering any physical skill takes practice. Practice is the repetition of an action with the goal of improvement, and it helps us perform with more ease, speed, and confidence. But what does practice actually do to make us better at things? Annie Bosler and Don Greene explain how practice affects the inner workings of our brains.

This video lectures covers all of Chapter 4. I encourage you to utilize the videos below if you need additional review/practice for specific topics. The powerpoint and study referenced in this lecture can also be found below. 

Do not forget to utilize the muddiest points discussion board if you have a question, comment, or something to share with the class! All questions will be discussed at the start of class. 

powerpoint for chapter 4 video lecture

This video covers the basics of amino acids and is a great way to review the categories of amino acids.

The isoelectric point of an amino acid is the pH at which the amino acid has a neutral charge. You will learn how to calculate the isoelectric point, and the effects of pH on the amino acid's overall charge. We will also discuss zwitterions, or the forms of amino acids that dominate at the isoelectric point. By Tracy Kovach. Created by Tracy Kim Kovach.

How is the peptide bond formed and how can it be cleaved?

Imagine where you want to be someday. Now, how did you get there? Retrograde analysis is a style of problem solving where you work backwards from the endgame you want. It can help you win at chess -- or solve a problem in real life. At TEDYouth 2012, chess grandmaster Maurice Ashley delves into his favorite strategy.

Dr. Hayden's lecture covers all of chapter 6 and can help prepare you for the next two in-class activities. However, if you need additional help/review of various content covered in this lecture, please see the videos and resources below that align with each learning outcome. Also, please do not forget to post any questions, comments, or resources you find in regards to this material in the muddiest points discussion. Any questions posted will be addressed in the first 5-10 minutes of class.

Everyone has heard of proteins. What are they on the molecular level? They're polymers of amino acids, of course. They make up most of your body, so we have to understand their structure very well! Check this out to learn the hierarchy of protein structure so that we can later learn all about what different types of proteins can do.

Different bonds/interactions contribute to the stability of each level of protein structure. Let's explore some common ones such as peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds. By Tracy Kovach. . Created by Tracy Kim Kovach.

Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure, a conformation that is usually biologically functional, in an expeditious and reproducible manner. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure from random coil. Each protein exists as an unfolded polypeptide or random coil when translated from a sequence of mRNA to a linear chain of amino acids. This polypeptide lacks any stable (long-lasting) three-dimensional structure (the left hand side of the first figure). As the polypeptide chain is being synthesized by the ribosome, the linear chain begins to fold into its three dimensional structure.

For 50 years, the "protein folding problem" has been a major mystery. How does a miniature string-like chemical -- the protein molecule - encode the functions of living organisms: how our muscles exert force, how our immune systems reject pathogens, how our eyes see our surroundings, how plants convert solar energy, and all the rest. Huge progress is being made. Moreover, these amazing nano-machines could play important roles in health and disease and commerce in the future.

This lecture video covers section 1 of Ch. 7 focused on Myoglobin and Hemoglobin. We will spend two days completing the in-class activity S8 which is broken down into two parts. As you prepare for class, please utilize the videos below for additional review if necessary, and post any questions you may have on the muddiest points discussion board. Also, don't forget to complete your sapling online pre-class assignment! 

Learn about the structure and role of Haemoglobin and Oxygen Dissociation Curves --- 

Short lecture on fundamental aspects of gas transport.

Good description of the curve and explanation of p50 value and how we can use it to predict changes in affinity.

Explore how lower pH and increased CO2 impacts the affinity of oxygen to Hb.

This complicated blood disorder affects people from many backgrounds and walks of life, famously including 1 in 400 African-Americans. But how did we discover it in the first place?

Human beings and computers alike share the challenge of how to get as much done as possible in a limited time. Over the last fifty or so years, computer scientists have learned a lot of good strategies for managing time effectively — and they have a lot of experience with what can go wrong. Brian Christian shares how we can use some of these insights to help make the most of our own lives.

This animation walks you through the T to R state shift of hemoglobin as oxygen binds at both the atomic and molecular levels. 

In this lecture video, I focus primarily on sections 1 and 2 from the chapter. While we will touch on glycoproteins in our in-class activity, I decided not to cover that material in the lecture. Instead, you can review section 3 from chapter 8, but we will cover what is necessary for that section in class as well. As always, the powerpoint for this video is below, as well as additional supplemental videos that you may find helpful while reviewing the material. Please post any questions, comments, or concerns you have in the muddiest points discussion board above and don't forget to complete the sapling pre-class assignment as well as the pre-class assignment for S13 in your workbook. 

It's the night before the big game! You're carbo-loading! Wait, what are carbs? Did you know that sugar is a carbohydrate? You didn't?! Well, you'd better watch this, my friend. We will cover all the monosaccharides in their linear and cyclic form. That'll get you up to speed. Now get some sleep! You'll need to be rested if you're going to beat those kids from Khan Academy in the morning.

Now that we know about simple sugars, we need to know about how these polymerize to form long polysaccharide chains, like cellulose, starch, and glycogen. Check it out!

Have you ever wondered why you need a flu vaccination each year? The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases explains the ever-changing nature of influenza viruses.

A 3D Medical Animations illustrating how Swine Flu H1N1 influenza virus infects the respiratory system and attacks the healthy cells? Read More - http://www.scientificanimations.com/s...

Are diverse companies really more innovative? Rocío Lorenzo and her team surveyed 171 companies to find out -- and the answer was a clear yes. In a talk that will help you build a better, more robust company, Lorenzo dives into the data and explains how your company can start producing fresher, more creative ideas by treating diversity as a competitive advantage.

This is the article that our in-class activity references (#6)

This lecture covers chapter 9 from Voet, Voet and Pratt on Lipids and Biological Membranes. If you have any questions, comments or concerns, please share them using the muddiest points discussion board. If you need additional review before we can meet in class, feel free to utilize the additional resources posted below that are related to each of the learning outcomes. Also, don't forget your sapling pre-class activity and the pre-activity for S14 in your workbook.

What's butter made of? What about olive oil? Well they're lipids, which are largely nonpolar substances. Why is one solid at room temperature and the other is liquid? What are trans fats and why are they bad for you? Let's find out all this and more!

Cell membranes are structures of contradictions. These oily films are hundreds of times thinner than a strand of spider silk, yet strong enough to protect the delicate contents of life: the cell’s watery cytoplasm, genetic material, organelles, and all the molecules it needs to survive. How does the membrane work, and where does that strength come from? Nazzy Pakpour investigates.

Battered and deep-fried chicken might be one of the most delicious foods ever. But what makes this summer picnic staple so tasty? It all comes down to the chemistry of frying. In the latest Reactions video, learn how the delicate dance of fat at high temperatures leads to a crispy, savory summer snack.

Your hands, up close, are anything but smooth. With peaks and valleys, folds and rifts, there are plenty of hiding places for a virus to stick. If you then touch your face, the virus can infect you. But there are two extraordinarily simple ways you can keep that from happening: soap and water, and hand sanitizer. So which is better? Alex Rosenthal and Pall Thordarson investigate. [Directed by Artrake Studio, narrated by Addison Anderson].

This video explains how proteins can be expressed and isolated from a host cell by following a hypothetical study on the enzyme "Verbosase".

This video explains various techniques for the analysis and characterization of proteins that biochemists routinely use. Again, we are utilizing a hypothetical study of the enzyme "Verbosase".

This video series focuses on a number of various biochemical techniques employed in labs that focus on understanding macromolecules. This may be a good resource as you prepare and complete the in-class activities for this unit. 

Download our free 123-page handbook "size exclusion Chromatography Principles & Methods" at https://www.gelifesciences.com/handbooks Gel filtration is the simplest and mildest of all the liquid chromatography techniques and separates molecules on the basis of differences in size. This video describes the principles of the technique

Download our free 159-page handbook "Principles of Affinity Chromatography" at https://www.gelifesciences.com/handbooks Affinity chromatography is unique in purification technology since it is the only technique that enables the purification of a biomolecule on the basis of its biological function or individual chemical structure. This video describes the principles of the technique

This is a vid about the principles of SDS PAGE. Why SDS and why PAGE? And of course the process of SDS PAGE will be elaborated.

A structural exploration of the proteins produced by SARS-CoV-2. 

 PDB FILES: 6VSB - Spike protein 6VW1 - RBD of the spike protein in complex with ACE2 6SGC - Rabbit ribosome stalled on a poly-A tail 6Y2E - SARS CoV-2 main protease 6Y2F - SARS CoV-2 main protease bound to an inhibitor 

In this lecture we will explore Chapter 11 from the text book. Don't forget to post your questions, comments, or concerns to the muddiest points message board and to complete the Sapling online pre-activity as well as the pre-activity for S9 in the workbook. 

The Amoeba Sisters explain enzymes and how they interact with their substrates. Vocabulary covered includes active site, induced fit, coenzyme, and cofactor. Also the importance of ideal pH and temperatures for enzymes are discussed. This video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts...

Every second inside every living cell, thousands of chemical reactions are taking place. These reactions constitute the essential tasks of life such as metabolism, protein synthesis, cell renewal and growth. Learn how the proteins called enzymes work to maintain the rate of these reactions at a life-sustaining level. 

 Based on atomic structures from the PDB archive, observe the mechanism of aconitase, an enzyme of the citric acid cycle, to understand how enzymes utilize their amino acid residues to catalyze a reaction. 

 To learn more about enzymes, explore the educational resources on PDB-101 (http://pdb101.rcsb.org/browse/enzymes).

Good review on energy diagrams, collision theory and reaction mechanisms from general chemistry.

It's time to learn a little more about a chemical reaction. How do molecules have to be arranged and how much energy do they have to collide with? What's a catalyst? Lots of great tidbits in this one.

This week Reactions is taking a look at the science behind poisonous snakes and why their venom is so deadly. Chemistry sheds some light on the proteins in venom, as well as its potential medical uses.

This covers only section 1

This video discusses the importance and utility of enzyme kinetics for drug development and derives the Michaelis-Menten equation for a simple enzyme-substrate system.

Discussion of the meaning and graphical determination of the kinetic constants of Km & Vmax

Need a review of basic chemical kinetics? Watch this video! 

As we expect more from technology, do we expect less from each other? Sherry Turkle studies how our devices and online personas are redefining human connection and communication -- and asks us to think deeply about the new kinds of connection we want to have.

In this lecture we continue our discussion on enzyme kinetics, but now with an emphasis on how other molecules can influence these kinetics. This lecture focuses more on sections 2 and 3 from Ch. 12 of Voet, Voet and Pratt. 

Covers section 2 and 3

Questions Answered in This Video: 

 - What are competitive inhibitors, and what is mechanism by which they act? 

- How do competitive inhibitors affect the values of KM and VMAX?

 - How do competitively inhibited reactions look on the hyperbolic graph and Lineweaver-Burk plot?

Questions Answered in This Video:

- What are noncompetitive inhibitors, and what is mechanism by which they act?

- How do noncompetitive inhibitors affect the values of KM and VMAX?

- How do noncompetitively inhibited reactions look on the hyperbolic graph and Lineweaver-Burk plot?

Questions Answered in This Video:

- What are uncompetitive inhibitors, and what is mechanism by which they act?

- How do uncompetitive inhibitors affect the values of KM and VMAX?

- How do uncompetitively inhibited reactions look on the hyperbolic graph and Lineweaver-Burk plot?

The drug Gleevec binds to and inactivates BCR-ABL, a mutant kinase that causes chronic myeloid leukemia. 

Mutations in the BCR-ABL gene can cause resistance to Gleevec, but another drug, dasatinib, can be used instead.

This lecture covers content specific material that we will then apply for the next three class meetings, and focuses primarily on sections 1 and 2. While 3 and 4 are not covered in detail, it is still recommended that you read over those sections.

Metabolism is a complex process that has a lot more going on than personal trainers and commercials might have you believe. Today we are exploring some of its key parts, including vital nutrients -- such as water, vitamins, minerals, carbs, fats, and proteins -- as well as how anabolic reactions build structures and require energy, while catabolic reactions tear things apart and release energy.

If you're like us, you love the sound of a brunch buffet. But not everything you eat at that glorious buffet is going to be turned into energy. Your body has to work with different forms of food in different ways. In this episode of Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology, Hank takes us through more about our metabolism including cellular respiration, atp, glycogenesis, and how insulin regulates our blood sugar levels.

How does your body break down the food you eat to generate the energy you need to get through your day? What form of energy is this, anyway? Let's go over some of the basics of metabolic processes, and introduce ATP, the currency of cellular energy.

Jedidah Isler dreamt of becoming an astrophysicist since she was a young girl, but the odds were against her: At that time, only 18 black women in the United States had ever earned a PhD in a physics-related discipline. In this personal talk, she shares the story of how she became the first black woman to earn a PhD in astrophysics from Yale -- and her deep belief in the value of diversity to science and other STEM fields. "Do not think for one minute that because you are who you are, you cannot be who you imagine yourself to be," she says. "Hold fast to those dreams and let them carry you into a world you can't even imagine."

This lecture focuses on sections 1-4, covering glycolysis and glycolysis regulation. Sections 5 and 6 from chapter 15 will be covered in the next lecture. We will work on this subunit over the next three in-class activities (S25, S26, and S27). If you have any questions, concerns, or resources to share, please start a discussion on the muddiest points board above. If you need additional review of various topics, please see the supplemental videos below.  

Sushi is sublime. Just fresh fish and seasoned rice in its simplest form served one on top of the other or rolled up with some veggies in a seaweed wrapper. What creates the subtle interplay of flavors in your tuna nigiri? Take a deep dive with us into the chemistry of rice, fish, and seaweed!

you know you are curious.. its pretty awful... in a funny way

In which Hank does some push ups for science and describes the "economy" of cellular respiration and the various processes whereby our bodies create energy in the form of ATP.

You need energy to do literally anything, even just lay still and think. Where does this energy come from? Well, food, right? But how? This is one of the most miraculous biological processes, and it happens in our bodies every moment of every day. It's quite complicated, so let's check it out in three sections. First up, glycolysis!

What are the major forms of regulation in metabolism? How do these apply to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? Created by Jasmine Rana.

When your job hinges on how well you talk to people, you learn a lot about how to have conversations -- and that most of us don't converse very well. Celeste Headlee has worked as a radio host for decades, and she knows the ingredients of a great conversation: Honesty, brevity, clarity and a healthy amount of listening. In this insightful talk, she shares 10 useful rules for having better conversations. "Go out, talk to people, listen to people," she says. "And, most importantly, be prepared to be amazed."

In this lecture, we are finishing up Ch. 15 from Voet, Voet and Pratt, where we will discuss the metabolism of other sugars and the pentose phosphate pathway. If you need additional review of background material, please see the supplemental videos below. Questions? Comment on the muddiest points discussion board above. We will apply the material from this lecture to our in-class activity S31 from the workbook.

This diagram may be useful as we work through our in-class activity.

Reference figure 15-27 in your text

The things we eat and drink on a daily basis can impact our health in big ways. Too many carbohydrates, for instance, can lead to insulin resistance, which is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes. But what are carbs, exactly? And what do they do to our bodies? Richard J. Wood explains.

For some people, fava beans can be deadly. What is it about this little legume that makes it so?

Imagine, for a second, a duck teaching a French class. A ping-pong match in orbit around a black hole. A dolphin balancing a pineapple. You probably haven’t actually seen any of these things. But you could imagine them instantly. How does your brain produce an image of something you’ve never seen? Andrey Vyshedskiy details the neuroscience of imagination.

In this lecture, we will cover glycogen metabolism and regulation as well as gluconeogensis and regulation. If you have any questions, comments, or concerns, please feel free to post on the muddiest points discussion board. Also, for additional information or supplemental help, please utilize the additional resources shared below. 

In this video, Dr. Berg talks about glycogen. Glycogen is the storage of sugar or glucose, glucose molecules strung connected together collectively. When you consume carbs, the body increases insulin and then starts storing glycogen. Then at a certain point, anything extra starts to be converted into fat. Glycogen can store only about 1700 calories. He also talks about what the normal blood sugar is, and how the cortisol activated by stress increases the storage of glucose.

In this lesson, you will learn about how your blood glucose level is regulated (or controlled) by two important hormones – insulin and glucagon, via a negative feedback system.

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-does-t... Beneath your ribs, you’ll find, among other things, the pancreas -- an organ that works a lot like a personal health coach. Emma Bryce explains how this organ controls your sugar levels and produces a special juice that releases the nutrients from your food to help keep you in the best possible shape.

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-does-t... There’s a factory inside you that weighs about 1.4 kilograms and runs for 24 hours a day. It’s your liver: the heaviest organ in your body, which simultaneously acts as a storehouse, a manufacturing hub, and a processing plant. Emma Bryce gives a crash course on the liver and how it helps keep us alive.

Have you ever asked yourself why we are always full of energy even if we are not consuming glucose? The answer is: Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis. In this video we will focus on the latter by describing its pathway and some important notes related to it. We hope you enjoy and learn at the same time.

How can humanity increase its capacity to make decisions in an increasingly complex world? In this informative talk, thinking rethinker Mike Vaughan shares insights from his practice helping leaders solve big problems with the power of a good question. Mike has taken a lifelong passion for learning and thinking processes and used it to create industry-leading research around the analysis of how high-value leaders think, how their thinking is different from their colleagues’, and how it ultimately makes them more successful. He is the author of “The End of Training: How Simulations Are Reshaping Business,” and the recently published book, “The Thinking Effect: Rethinking Thinking to Create Great Leaders and the New Value Worker.” Mike is a managing director and CEO of The Regis Company, a privately held company that applies neuroscience principles to custom leadership programs and business simulations. Since he co-founded the company in 2003, The Regis Company has become a globally recognized leader in simulation design, winning virtually every top award and honor in the industry.

In this lecture, we are covering Chapter 17 on the citric acid cycle, also called the TCA or the Kreb’s cycle, in which pyruvate is oxidized to generate additional ATP, as well as NADH and FADH2 that will then be utilized by the electron transport to chain to generate even more ATP. While pyruvate from glucose metabolism is the most commonly discussed precursor metabolite for the TCA, we can utilize metabolites from the breakdown of fats and amino acids within the TCA. In the next two class meetings, we will then apply the material discussed in this lecture to activities S32 and S33.

If you have questions or comments, please post to the muddiest points discussion board. If you need additional supplemental information or review, please see the videos posted below.

n this video, we will be walking through how to follow isotopically labeled carbons of glucose through various metabolic paths in order to determine the needs of the cell. This is a skill that we will utilize throughout our discussions of glucose metabolism and in our in class activities; so be sure to pay close attention!

This is part 1 of a story filmed on a boy who mysteriously became sick as a toddler and was found to have an extremely rare mitochondrial disorder named Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency. He is inspirational to me in that not only does he have the same disorder as my son, Jonathan, but his story exhibits many of the same characteristics as him also. He is a symbol of hope for all children and parents of children that are diagnosed with this disorder. 

This is part 2 of a story filmed on a boy who mysteriously became sick as a toddler and was found to have an extremely rare mitochondrial disorder named Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency. He is inspirational to me in that not only does he have the same disorder as my son, Jonathan, but his story exhibits many of the same characteristics as him also. He is a symbol of hope for all children and parents of children that are diagnosed with this disorder.

In this lecture, we will be discussing section 2 from chapter 18 which focuses on the Electron Transport Chain. You may recall from your intro biology courses, the ETC is the pathway which receives the electrons from NADH and FADH2 produced from the citric acid cycle in order to help power oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. In class, we will be working on activity S34. Additionally, we will spend a class meeting on a medical case study looking at the impact of certain diet fads on the ETC and human health. So overall, we will spend two class meetings working on this material.

While chapter 18 also covers oxidative phosphorylation, we will only be focusing on the electron transport chain for this lecture, while there is a second lecture focused on oxidative phosphorylation.

Additionally, section 1 from Ch. 18 focuses on the structure and function of the mitochondria and may be a good review if you need to brush up on your basic mitochondrial knowledge.

This is a great figure demonstrating glycolysis, the TCA and the ETC in context of the eukaryotic cell, 

Need a musical ear worm to help learn about the ETC? Check this out (yes it cheesy... but cheesy is fun too)

Which thing gets oxidized, the oxidizing agent? No wait, that's what gets reduced, or is it the reducing agent? Ahh! Stupid binary concepts! OK, settle down. Watch this clip and learn everything you need to know about electron transfer.

Gold has been a valuable commodity for centuries, but the process to obtain it has dangerous costs. So what is true price of gold?

Typically we work through this case study in class by having volunteer students act out the scenario. So, instead I am reading and talking through this case in this video. Feel free to follow along with the worksheet "DNP Worksheet for Traveling Students" and answer the questions as I talk through the case. Then you can upload your finished worksheet as your class participation for that day.

If you have an excusable reason for missing class but still want to maintain eligibility for the total attendance bonus at the end of term, then complete this work sheet utilizing the DNA case study material and turn it in at the start of next class.  

Social justice advocate and law scholar Dorothy Roberts has a precise and powerful message: Race-based medicine is bad medicine. Even today, many doctors still use race as a medical shortcut; they make important decisions about things like pain tolerance based on a patient's skin color instead of medical observation and measurement. In this searing talk, Roberts lays out the lingering traces of race-based medicine -- and invites us to be a part of ending it. "It is more urgent than ever to finally abandon this backward legacy," she says, "and to affirm our common humanity by ending the social inequalities that truly divide us."

In this lecture, we are finishing up Ch 18 on the Electron Transport Chain by focusing on sections 3 and 4 regarding oxidative phosphorylation and the regulation of the ETC. As you may recall from the previous lecture, the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to ultimately transfer their electrons to oxygen making water. In this video, we are focusing on how this flow of electrons is then coupled to oxidative phosphorylation utilizing the enzyme ATPsynthetase and then how this whole process is regulated by the cell.

A short video describing F1Fo ATP synthase function. We made this a couple of years ago for the late Richard Perham to explain ATP synthase function for the book he was co-authouring: Molecular Biology of Assemblies and Machines: http://garlandscience.com/product/isb... Visualisation was performed with an in house ray tracer / molecular modelling tool written by Callum Smits: https://github.com/callumsmits/rt1

Professor Rob Lue explains how mitochondria are inherited and describes the basic characteristics of mitochondrial diseases.

When Ebola broke out in March 2014, Pardis Sabeti and her team got to work sequencing the virus's genome, learning how it mutated and spread. Sabeti immediately released her research online, so virus trackers and scientists from around the world could join in the urgent fight. In this talk, she shows how open cooperation was key to halting the virus ... and to attacking the next one to come along. "We had to work openly, we had to share and we had to work together," Sabeti says. "Let us not let the world be defined by the destruction wrought by one virus, but illuminated by billions of hearts and minds working in unity."

This lecture covers sections 1-3 of chapter 21 and focuses on the digestion and metabolic breakdown of fats. 

In this video, I walk you through how to calculate the net yield of ATP for the catabolism of even chain fatty acids, odd chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.

This week Reactions is giving you some seasonal science. Here's the chemistry that happens in your body when you eat too much Thanksgiving dinner. The season of giving is often also the season of over-indulging at the dinner table. As Thanksgiving approaches, Reactions takes a look down at our stomachs to find out what happens when you overeat. Put on your “eating pants” enjoy the video and don't forget to subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions

The pancreas makes digestive enzymes, important chemicals that break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in your food. This is necessary for absorbing the nutrients that your body uses to make energy. In people with cystic fibrosis, the small tubes that transport these enzymes out of the pancreas become blocked with mucus.

This speech is a call to action. We spend about eighty percent of our day at work, the rest is at home. If we have a bad day at work we are likely to take that negativity home with us and vice versa. It is of paramount importance that we create healthy environments in the spaces that most affect our lives by giving of our best and receiving the like in return. The 5 Chairs is a powerful and systematic method which helps us master our own behaviours and manage the behaviours of others. To be a good leader is to contribute to the success and happiness of everyone, at work and at home, on a conscious level. The 5 Chairs offer 5 Choices. Which will you choose?

This video covers the second half of Chapter 20 and discusses how we synthesize fats in our bodies. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to post them on the muddiest points discussion board. 

Ninety-six percent of genome studies are based on people of European descent. The rest of the world is virtually unrepresented -- and this is dangerous, says geneticist and TED Fellow Keolu Fox, because we react to drugs differently based on our genetic makeup. Fox is working to democratize genome sequencing, specifically by advocating for indigenous populations to get involved in research, with the goal of eliminating health disparities. "The research community needs to immerse itself in indigenous culture," he says, "or die trying."

In this video we discuss how proteins and amino acids are degraded and intersect with various metabolic pathways. We will also discuss the urea cycle as a method for eliminating excess nitrogen in the body as a result of amino acid catabolism. 

Temple Grandin, diagnosed with autism as a child, talks about how her mind works -- sharing her ability to "think in pictures," which helps her solve problems that neurotypical brains might miss. She makes the case that the world needs people on the autism spectrum: visual thinkers, pattern thinkers, verbal thinkers, and all kinds of smart geeky kids.

This lecture does not lie within one chapter from our book, but picks pieces all throughout in order to bring everything we discussed together. What happens when we eliminate food? How does our body begin breaking down various macromolecules that we have stored during starvation in order to keep functioning... 

Rishi Manchanda has worked as a doctor in South Central Los Angeles for a decade, where he’s come to realize: His job isn’t just about treating a patient’s symptoms, but about getting to the root cause of what is making them ill—the “upstream" factors like a poor diet, a stressful job, a lack of fresh air. It’s a powerful call for doctors to pay attention to a patient's life outside the exam room.