20FA_AN101A-GP-Intro to Asian Studies

1. Bloyce, Daniel. 5 Nov. Taking In The Game. A History Of Baseball In Asia. Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. 2003. 

2. Double binding of Japanese colonialism: trajectories of baseball in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea. By: Cho, Younghan, Cultural Studies, 09502386, Nov2016, Vol. 30, Issue 6.

3. Major League Baseball as a forged national pastime: constructing personalized national narratives in South Korea. By: Cho, Younghan, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 14649373, Dec2012, Vol. 13, Issue 4

4. THE HEALING POWER OF BASEBALL IN JAPAN: America's national pastime is the most popular sport in Japan, but it's also more than that. By: PITOCK, TODD, Saturday Evening Post, 00489239, Mar/Apr2018, Vol. 290, Issue 2

5. Simon Scott. 5 Nov. COLONIAL PROJECT, NATIONAL GAME: A History of Baseball Taiwan. Asia Pacific Modern. 

Baseball has been around for nearly 150 years and is played all over the world. Baseball is also known as America’s pastime but it still could be the future of sports. Baseball has been evolving all over the world and specifically in Asia. The MLB is being seen more and more recruiting players from Asia because they are outstanding at the sport. Baseball in Asia could change baseball all around the world by their discipline, love, and passion for the game.

Thesis:

Cricket is one of the most popular, and if not, the most popular sport in Asia. It has grown since the British started colonizing parts of Asia and brought their culture and sports to certain Asian countries. Cricket fit into social and religious aspects already existing in these countries and so it easily grew into a very popular sport. I will argue that cricket has become not just a sport in Asia, but a way to spread their religion and culture, and create peace between feuding countries because cricket it a lifestyle in Asia that has social, political, and health benefits and ramifications.    

Annotated Bibliography

1.     Crick, Emily. “Contact Sport: Cricket in India-Pakistan Relations Since 1999 - Emily Crick, 2009.” SAGE Journals, 2009, journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/097152310801600105.

This will be my main source for this paper. It provides information on how Cricket creates peace between countries in Asia that don’t usually have peace. It also provides some history and basic information about Cricket in Asia.

2.     Publishers, BBC. “BBC World Service | Story Of Cricket.” BBC News, BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1157_cricket_history/page6.shtml.

This will be a source just for history of Cricket in different parts of Asia.

3.     TA. Lakka, DE. Laaksonen, et al. “Health Consequences of Cricket – View from South Asia.” International Archives of Medicine, BioMed Central, 1 Jan. 1970, intarchmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1755-7682-6-30.

This source provides information about health benefits and health concerns of cricket in Asian countries. Since Cricket is such a big sport in Asia, it becomes kind of like a religion and drives a lot of athletes every day lives.

4.     Bandyopadhyay, Kausik. Sport, Culture and Nation: Perspectives from Indian Football and South Asian Cricket. India, SAGE Publications, 2015.

This source provides evidence of violent relations between India and Pakistan and how cricket has played a part in causing some violent attacks but also causing some peace between the two countries. This is going to be a major theme in my paper, so having multiple sources on the subject will be helpful.

5.     Rumford, Chris. “More than a Game: Globalization and the Post‐Westernization of World Cricket.” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 9 May 2007, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2007.00165.x.

This source provides evidence of Cricket playing a part in globalization of Islam, especially for the Taliban. This source also provides information about how cricket fits into a lot of cultural aspects of Asia. 

Chinese culture does not glorify karate like they do in movies. I plan to research what caused this switch from everyone praising and using karate, to now it is just becoming a false stereotype. It is wrong but usually when people think of the chinese somewhere down the line karate comes up, was it the schools, government, lack of usefulness, or new technology that destroyed this once great sport. 

Napolitano, Dean. “'The Karate Kid' or 'The Kung Fu Kid'?” The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones & Company, 2 Apr. 2010, www.wsj.com/articles/BL-SEB-29779.https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-SEB-29779

•  I will use this article to view what educators consider what the movie should be called considering Jackie chan is teaching Jaden smith kung fu and not karate. This article will help me create a story around my research paper and not just boring facts. 

(www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. “The Dark Side of China's Kung Fu Schools: DW: 28.02.2013.” DW.COM, www.dw.com/en/the-dark-side-of-chinas-kung-fu-schools/a-16635298. https://www.dw.com/en/the-dark-side-of-chinas-kung-fu-schools/a-16635298 

• I will use this article to explain one of the few reasons karate fell out of chinese culture. And what effects led to the closing of these karate schools. 

“Chinese Martial Arts.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts 

• I will use this article just as a basic understanding of chinese martial arts and to describe what it is and where it came from. As well as the people who were thought to invent the sport and where it is today.

“Why Kung Fu Masters Refuse to Teach.” Fightland, fightland.vice.com/blog/why-kung-fu-masters-refuse-to-teach. http://fightland.vice.com/blog/why-kung-fu-masters-refuse-to-teach 

•  I will use this article to further explain why karate is not taught widely in china today as well as why the schools were shut down. And what caused these teachers to quit what they loved doing most. 

https://www.quora.com/Is-it-true-that-everyone-in-China-knows-Kung-Fu

• I will use this journal to give an account of someone who lives in china and answer if people really practice karate in china and why or why not they do. 

“Scientific Electronic Library Online.” SciELO, www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1517-97022019000100548. 

• I will use this academic journal to explain how movies today actually disgrace the true art of chinese martial arts and how that aided the demise of the culture itself.

How can our country benefit from the very rigorous educational system set forth in Asia? I plan to research how Asia educate their students and the culture built around this. Statistically the United States is faced with a higher proportion of disadvantaged students and communities. With the United States having a very wide educational gap I will be arguing of how they can benefit more from the success that Asia has in their development of students. 

Tucker, M., 2020. These Asian Countries Are Winning The Education Game. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: [Accessed 29 February 2016].

I will be using this article because they discuss the proportion of disadvantaged students in the U.S. compared to Asia and what effect that has on families and their education system. 

Tan, Cheng Yong. 2020. “Identity, Equity and Social Justice in Asia Pacific Education Ed. by Raqib Chowdhury and Lilly K. Yazdanpanah (Review).” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 35 (2): 403–5. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edspmu&AN=edspmu.S1793285820200104&site=eds-live.

I will use this peer reviewed article because they have great perspective set forth on the expectations of students in Asia and the identity and cultural differences that is responsible for this.

Nakamura, Hiroto S. 2010. Education in Asia. Education in a Competitive and Globalizing World. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=340270&site=eds-live.

I will use this book for my argument since they speak on the emphasis set on education and how Asia increased the global competitiveness while referring to their core values and developments. 

For many kids growing up in the late ’90s and early 2000s, video games were a huge part of their lives. During this time period, there were not as many different consoles and companies that there are today within the industry. There was one powerhouse that ruled over them all and contributed to over 50% of the world’s video game sales, and that company was Nintendo. I will argue why Nintendo and the Japanese video game industry did and still does produce the best video game consoles and games.

•  Power up: How Japanese Video Games Gave the World an Extra Life: (Chris Kohler 2005)

  • I chose this source because it really shows off the magic and pure nostalgia from the early age of gaming. And how japan really gave the first life to create video  games 

•  Japanese Video Game Obscurities: (Kurt Katala 2003)

  • This book, similar to the first source, shows how different and creative Japanese video games are. From the storytelling  to the overall art and designs of the  characters 

• Taking a closer look at video game history in Japan https://newsonjapan.com/html/newsdesk/article/125374.php#:~:text=The%20first%20video%20games%20to,Kong%20in%20the%20same%20year

  • I  chose this source because it clearly breaks down the history of video games in Japan. Not just highlighting the achievements  but also the bad times as well

•  How Japan Changed Video Games forever:htmlhttps://www.cnn.com/2017/11/12/asia/future-japan-videogame-landmarks/index.html

  • I chose this source simply because it highlights how ahead of their time japan was when releasing their first consoles and games.

• https://www.businessinsider.com/nintendo-winning-video-games-fastest-selling-console-2019-3(Webb 2019)

  • Finally, I chose this source because I thought it best showed the numbers of the industry. It shows how they were once at the top and then fell behind with the emergence of many other companies and consoles. But also shows off how Japan and Nintendo are back on their way up to the top in today's market.

1. Major League Baseball as a forged national pastime: constructing personalized national narratives in South Korea. By: Cho, Younghan, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 14649373, Dec2012, Vol. 13, Issue 4

   I chose this source because it allows me to view how baseball is perceived in one certain country in Asia. It allows me to compare between countries such as Japan. 

   
   

   2. THE HEALING POWER OF BASEBALL IN JAPAN: America's national pastime is the most popular sport in Japan, but it's also more than that. By: PITOCK, TODD, Saturday Evening Post, 00489239, Mar/Apr2018, Vol. 290, Issue 2

   I chose this source because of how it describes baseball as Japan's national pastime. I think this is important because it allows me to see how important the sport is in certain communities.

   
   

   3. Bloyce, Daniel. 5 Nov. Taking In The Game. A History Of Baseball In Asia. Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. 2003. 
   

   I chose this source because it gives me an insight of the history and origin of baseball in Asia. This source gives me information on how baseball came to be in Asia.

   
   

   4. “Just Looking for a Good Game: Competitive Balance in the Korean Professional Baseball League.” Taylor & Francis. Accessed November 7, 2020. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036846.2015.1136393. 
   

   This source speaks on the level of competition in the Korean Baseball League. It is important to note the skill level of the players because if the high skill is not there, there will most likely not be a great chance of Asia becoming a baseball powerhouse.

   
   

   5. Kang, Kyoung Doo, Doug Hyun Han, James C Hannon, Morgan S Hall, and Jae Won Choi. “Temperamental Predictive Factors for Success in Korean Professional Baseball Players.” Psychiatry investigation. Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, October 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4620302/.

   This source talks about the factors of a successful baseball player. Even though this is mainly talking about Korean baseball, the same applies to most players. Baseball players must meet a standard to be considered elite enough to play professionally.

   
   

Not having freedom of expression. The lack of information that the government holds from you. Not having any privacy in what you choose to do. These are all examples of the absence human rights you receive in China. I will argue that citizen’s human rights in China deserved to be improved and quality of life needs to be enhanced.

Joshua T. Mauldin, Aug 2019, Introduction to the Special Issue on Human Dignity, Religion, and Rights in Contemporary China

This article focuses on religious and political freedom that China possesses.

Sullivan, Leon Howard, 2008, Human rights and the ethics of investment in China

Focuses on human rights offered in China and the ethics of countries that outsource to producers in China.

2009 Human Rights in China, Nova Science Publishers

This book talks about the rise of communism in China and how the US-China relationship is affected by the human rights that lack in China. The book covers human rights as a whole as well.

2014, Nielsen, Gert Holmgaard, Walking a Tightrope: Defending Human Rights in China

This book covers the rights of citizens as a whole but focuses on woman’s rights that cease to exist in China as well as legal bindings that exist.

The Great Wall of China is one of the most well-known works of architecture in the world today. It took many years and many people to complete the incredible construction process. Chinese leaders had a specific purpose for the wall, but I will argue that the Great Wall of China did not fully serve its original purpose, however many positive results came from the building of the wall. 

Waldron, Arthur. The Great Wall of China: From History to Myth. Cambridge Studies in Chinese History, Literature, and Institutions. Cambridge Univ Pr, 1992. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0000067745&site=eds-live.

This book gives a strong overview of what the Great Wall of China is. It also elaborates on walls that were previously built in China as well as the construction process of the great wall. It was clear, very informative, and served as a huge asset to my research process.  

Xue, Qiaofeng, Xiaobin Jin, Yinong Cheng, Xuhong Yang, Xin Jia, and Yinkang Zhou. 2019. “The Historical Process of the Masonry City Walls Construction in China during 1st to 17th Centuries AD.” doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214119.

This article breaks down the construction process of walls in China. It is not an easy task, especially without modern technology and machinery. It also discusses the timeline of building walls, war factors, and economic factors. This was another very helpful source in my research process. 

DiFrancesco, Joseph. 2017. “The Great Wall of China: Progress of the Wall over Major Eras.” https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.BA117D0C&site=eds-live.

This source covers what parts of the wall were built during various dynasties. It focuses specifically on the Han and Ming dynasties and also provides some maps that create a stronger picture of where the wall is located. It also breaks down what the different parts of the wall were as well as the purpose of specific parts. 

Ebsworth-Goold, Erika. “8 Fascinating Facts About The Great Wall Of China,” August 29, 2019. https://www.travelawaits.com/2474201/8-fascinating-facts-about-the-great-wall-of-china/. 

This article highlighted eight specific facts about The Great Wall of China. These facts were very interesting and informative, and helped to strengthen my understanding of this topic. The author mainly focused on clarifying misconceptions that many people have about the wall. 

Kelly. “How the Great Wall of China Was Built - Materials, Methods.” China Highlights, August 2, 2019. https://www.chinahighlights.com/greatwall/fact/how-the-great-wall-was-built.htm. 

This article discussed where the wall was built, what the wall was made of, and how it was built. It goes into detail on the four main materials used to build the wall as well as how those materials were transported. 

The Silk Road

         What comes to your mind when you think of The Silk Road? Illegal guns, drugs, Id’s? A trading route? Belt and Road Initiative? There are many different meanings of The Silk Road. I had in my mind what The Silk Road and after taking this course I was able to realize that there are actually an actual Silk Road that have been around for decades. There is lots of history about the silk road that is fascinating and evolutionary way back in time. In my research, I focused mainly on specifically the evolution of The Silk Road and also the black market silk road. 

Book 1: Pairault, Tierry, 2020, Examining the importance of the New Silk Roads for Africa and for global governance, HAL CCSD Edward Elgar Publishing

 This book focuses on Aftica and the role it has in the new Silk Road strategy. 

Article 1: Van Buskirk, Joe, et al. “The Closure of the Silk Road: What Has This Meant for Online Drug Trading?” Addiction, vol. 109, no. 4, Apr. 2014, pp. 517–518. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/add.12422.

The closure of the silk road was a huge disadvantage to everyone involved. The Ottoman Empire boycotted trade with the west and closed the routes. The Europeans had become used to the goods from the east and, when the silk road closed, merchants needed to find new trade routes to meet the demand for these goods. They took their needs out to sea searching for different routes and charting new water.

David Arase. “CHINA’S TWO SILK ROADS INITIATIVE: What It Means for Southeast Asia.” Southeast Asian Affairs, 2015, p. 25. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.44112796&site=eds-live.

The belt and road initiative was launched in 2013 and was a plan for a massive infrastructure project that would stretch from east asia countries in between as well. Many countries saw this project as an expansion of Chinese power. And some countries were getting weary about the high levels of debt that is encased within the development. 

“No, hun, where are you really from?” asked the Publix cashier after she did not get the answer she was expecting to hear from a woman with distinct Asian features slight southern draw when she talks. To the cashier, this seems like a normal question to ask, but to the customer, it is yet another situation involving microaggression that could have been avoided had the cashier had been a little more educated. Due to the strict one-child policy implemented by the Chinese government for around 15 years, there is an abundance of Chinese girls adopted by international parents. The act of adoption is a very selfless and loving act that has very obvious and distinct rewards and profits. However, there are also unseen consequences of international adoption. Throughout this paper I will argue that international adoption leads to unacknowledged microaggressions and unrecognized racism.

Cole, Suzette W. Seeking Understanding: My Sister, My Responsibility. Microaggressions: Why They Are Not So Micro. Retrieved from https://zetataualpha.org/programs/my-sister-my-responsibility?category=seeking-understanding&type=#filters.

          Cole defines the basic terms related to microaggressions then walks through examples of microaggressions in everyday life. Cole also walks through her audience the steps to take when experiencing or witnessing a microagression. She uses examples that are relatable and discusses the issues with them.

I conducted two surveys (one for adoptees and one for parents). The surveys were essentially the same with slight differences in wording to make it clearer and more relatable for the participants. The point of the survey was to gain a more broad perspective of how other Chinese adoptees felt and gain the perspectives of parents of adopted children.

                                From the survey, I came to the conclusion that although adoptees experience racism and microaggressions on a weekly basis, they feel as if most of the racism they experience is not intentional. This was also seen in the responses from the parents. My biggest take away from the responses is that the older generation often did not recognized microaggression or acknowledge that their child was experiencing racism until they saw it in hindsight, but the children realized they were experiencing it in the moment more often. This implies to me that most people do not realize that the international adoptees experience racism until they gain a larger perspective and amore inclusive defition.

Chair, Cecilia A., Jackson, Kelly, Zorita, Paz. International and Transracial Adoptees Experiences of Racism and Racial Discrimination and Personal Coping. April 2015.

                                In their study, Chair and her collogues, dissect the psychological and emotional impact that international adoption can have on an adoptee. Children often go through an identity crisis during their childhood due to unintentional comments that point out how they are different from their parents. They also discuss the issues that arise through cultural socialization throughout an adoptee’s life. They went through a lot scenarios from all approaches of what adoptees might go through.  

Annotated Bibliography

Young Dae Ko, Seung Hwan Jung, Sung Hee Kim, and Sung Wook Lee. 2018. “Sustainable Sport Scheduling Approach Considering Team Equity for the Korean Professional Baseball League.” doi:10.3390/su10020429.

This academic journal does a good job of explaining how the KBO created a scheduling methodology to create annual match schedule every year. The KBO had 9 teams in 2013 and there were teams who would have to sit out in two to three game stretches. The KBO had to figure out how to fix that and the authors of this journal go into good depth about how the KBO did that.

Wang, Jye-Shyan, Pei-Hsin Fang, and Tsong-Min Wu. 2017. “An Inquiry into Wage Discrimination Based on Nationality: The Case of the Korean Baseball Organization.” International Journal of Sport Finance, no. 4: 359. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgao&AN=edsgcl.529401899&site=eds-live.

This academic journal does a very thorough study on salary discrimination among local Korean baseball players in the KBO compared to foreign players. The study demonstrated foreign players get paid a lot more than local Korean. The journal stated there was consumer discrimination since there was more attendance at games with foreign players playing in them in the KBO. Very insightful study.

Farrell, Andrew. “History of the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO).” Expat Guide Korea, Expat Guide Korea, 8 May 2020, www.expatguidekorea.com/article/history-of-the-korea-baseball-organization-kbo.html.

Farrell did a very good job of providing a in depth history about the KBO dating back to its founding in 1982. He did a very good job of going through the history of each team in the KBO and the details of the expansion the KBO went through. He also did a good job of providing examples of players who went through the KBO to become good players in the MLB as well as stating the format of the league. Had a very good understanding of the KBO after reading Farrells article.

History and Popularity of Baseball in South Korea.” Hannaone.com, hannaone.com/blog/history-and-popularity-of-baseball-in-south-korea.html.

This article goes into good description about the tradition’s fans have in the KBO to make the atmosphere great. It really demonstates how the KBO really has good tradition amongst the fan base despite being founded in 1982. Also, like the other articles does a very good job of giving the history of the KBO.

Cho, Moongi. 2018. “The Significance of Baseball Games Between South Korean Teams and US Army Teams Shortly After World War II.” Sport History Review 49 (2): 176–92. doi:10.1123/shr.2017-0006.

Cho provided very good history on how the popularity of Korean baseball came about. Cho discussed how after World War two America helped South Korea restore baseball by helping South regain independence. Cho provided a very neat history and story about how baseball reemerged in South Korea. 

As a rule, even today, sports aren't played as much as they are outside Asia. Children are generally encouraged to spend their time studying not playing sports. Having kids play a sport is a great way to keep them active, happy and healthy. The benefits of sports are not just physical. Children who get involved with sports and group activities can learn valuable social skills like cooperation, teamwork, self-confidence, and perseverance.

Book 1:Sport in Asian Society: Past and Present. (Fan Hong; J.A. Mangan. 2003)

Book 2:The Asian Games, Asian sport, and Asian politics. (Hong, Fan; He, Gong.)

Article 1:The Effect of Brand Equity and Brand Resonance on Tourist Decisions Visiting the 2018 Asian Games Legacy of Jakabaring Sport City as a Sport Tourism Destination. (Esxi Martia Gusma; Zakaria Wahab; Agustina Hanafi. Vol 7, 220)

Article 2:Asian Sports and the Emergence of Modern Asia, 1913-1974. (Nus Press, 2016. Pp. 397)

                The large crack of a tea bowl, the slightly asymmetrical placement of a window, and the hazy mist in the rain are all subtle features that are not usually appreciated by Western ideas. They may be deemed as ugly, complicated imperfections, but the Japanese appreciate these as beauty. In fact, Japanese aesthetics are composed of images of everyday life that include factors of simplicity, asymmetry, grace, nature, and much more. I will argue that Japanese aesthetics focus on the concepts of wabi, sabi, yugen, and many more ideals that are not usually appreciated by Western cultures.  

Donald Richie. A Tractate on Japanese Aesthetics. New York: Stone Bridge Press, 2009. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=480469&site=eds-live.

This book examines the beauty of Japanese art and explores the concepts of wabi, sabi, yugen, and more Japanese ideals.  

Keene, Donald. "Japanese Aesthetics." Philosophy East and West 19, no. 3 (1969): 293-306. Accessed November 6, 2020. doi:10.2307/1397586.

This article explores aesthetics in poems, Japanese religions, theatre, and other factors that inspire the aesthetics.

Michael F. Marra. Modern Japanese Aesthetics : A Reader. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=39015&site=eds-live.

This book provides English translations to Japanese works on aesthetics. Its subjects include the inclusion of aesthetics in institutions. It will provide a Japanese look at their own aesthetics.

Parkes, Graham, and Adam Loughnane. “Japanese Aesthetics.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, December 4, 2018. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/japanese-aesthetics/.

This web entry provides a basic overview of Japanese aesthetics as well as definitions for several ideals associated with these aesthetics.

Saito, Yuriko. "The Moral Dimension of Japanese Aesthetics." The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 65, no. 1 (2007): 85-97. Accessed November 6, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4622213.

This journal article explores the human behaviors that are behind Japanese aesthetics. 

The delicacies of Thai food and how they can be different and be some of the most unique foods. In this research paper you will see how food has evolved in Thailand and how some of the best foods are found on the streets not in restaurants. 

Book 1- Srisongka, Naridtiphol; Yanasugondha, Vimolchaya, july, 2019, Intelligibility of English in Thai Street Food Menus Perceived by East Asian Tourists

This book shows the man well known street foods and tested by tourist.

Book 2- Santizo, Natalie, 2019, Flavors of Empire: Food and the Making of Thai America by Mark Padoongpatt (review), Journal of Asian American Studies. 22(2):272-274

This book shows how Thia food what manipulated in American ways.

Article 1- DeFoliart, Gene R., 1999, INSECTS AS FOOD: Why the Western Attitude Is Important.

This article shows the uniqueness of the Thai cuisine using everything including bugs in their dishes.

Article 2- Scott Bamber, 1998, Medicine, Food, and Poison in Traditional Thai Healing

This article shows what they would call healing foods to help the body and food that is bad for the body

Have you ever wanted to try an alcoholic drink that is thought to be holy?  Well, traditional Japanese sake made with rice was at one point worshipped. Sake is deeply linked to Japanese culture in many ways. It is used to celebrate turning points in people’s lives, and plays a star role on special occasions. I will argue the importance of sake in culture in Japanese culture.

Kanauchi, Makoto. “SAKE Alcoholic Beverage Production in Japanese Food Industry.” Food Industry, 16 Jan. 2013, www.intechopen.com/books/food-industry/sake-alcoholic-beverage-production-in-japanese-food-industry, 10.5772/53153. Accessed 30 Oct. 2020.

This source offers an in depth origin of sake and the culture surrounding it. It looks into the history of the drink and describes how the brewing methods changed when european brewing techniques were introduced.

“How Sake Is Deeply Rooted In Japanese History and Culture.” Kobe Jones, 19 Dec. 2015, www.kobejones.com.au/how-sake-is-deeply-rooted-in-japanese-history-and-culture/. Accessed 30 Oct. 2020.

This source offers insight into the different variants of sake and the history of them. It also describes the culture surrounding sake.

The Story of Sake. NRIB (National Research Institute of Brewing), Jan. 2014, www.nrib.go.jp/English/sake/pdf/SakeNo01_en.pdf.

This source offers the most in depth information on the brewing process. It also discusses how to enjoy sake and provides a lot of facts on the subject.

Takeo, Dr. Koizumi. “Here’s to Japanese Sake! : NIPPONIA No. 44.” Web-Japan.Org, 2019, web-japan.org/nipponia/nipponia44/en/feature/feature01.html.

This source provides informative whole books on different aspects of the topic. It also is purely from a Japanese perspective.

Lee, Yong-sook, and Woo-jin Shin. "Marketing tradition-bound products through storytelling: a case study of a Japanese sake brewery." Service Business 9, no. 2 (2015): 281-295.

This article offers insight into more of the monetary side of the sake industry. It offers information on the traditions surrounding Japanese sake. 

                Ramen as we know it today has changed quite a bit since it was introduced in Japan. It was brought to Japan by Chinese immigrants from Guangdong in the 1880s. Then, it was a cheap and easy to make food (Solt 5). It has transformed into a national icon that takes many forms. From authentic, fresh noodles to instant, rehydrated packs of ramen. In this paper, I will argue that ramen noodles played an important role in the history of Japan and explain the technicalities of what makes a ramen noodle, and how it can be served. I will also give a simple overview of noodle classification, explain where ramen falls, and give some examples of similar noodles.

Annotated Bibliography

Kushner, Barak. Slurp! : A Social and Culinary History of Ramen, Japan’s Favorite Noodle Soup. Global Oriental, 2012. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=480800&site=eds-live.

This book also gives a history of ramen noodles. It confirms many of the ideas of early ramen history that are in Solt’s book.

George Solt. The Untold History of Ramen : How Political Crisis in Japan Spawned a Global Food Craze. University of California Press, 2014. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=714221&site=eds-live.

This book gives a greater amount of detail into the history of ramen noodles in Japan. It explains how ramen got to Japan and how it affected the culture. It also discusses how ramen has changed over time.

Fu, Bin Xiao. “Asian Noodles: History, Classification, Raw Materials, and Processing.” Food Research International, vol. 41, 2008, pp. 888–902.

This article gives a very in depth explanation of Asian noodle types. In it, Fu goes over all the different ways that noodles can be classified from salt composition to processing method.

Reiffenstein, Tim. “Ramen Restaurant Clusters in Japan: Geographical Variety, Locational Lore, and Evolutionary Characteristics.” Canadian Geographer, vol. 61, no. 3, Fall 2017, pp. 440–456. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/cag.12396.

This article is more of a census of ramen. It explores the different types of ramen that exist in rural of urban areas and tries to explain the differences between them.

Kim, Sangkyun, and Ashleigh Ellis. “Noodle Production and Consumption: From Agriculture to Food Tourism in Japan.” Tourism Geographies, no. 1, Informa UK Limited, Nov. 2014, pp. 151–67. Crossref, doi:10.1080/14616688.2014.978812.

This article discusses the effect noodles have on culture more generally, but when it does give specifics, it talks about Udon noodles. There may be some overlap between ramen and Udon even considering how different they are.

Every country has something they’re known for, or a staple. Ironically, in the case of china, their staple is just about the same size. As the number one global producer, China is well known for their rice.  In this paper I will argue that rice is one of the most important socioeconomic factors in Chinese culture.

  The incredible, breathtaking, journeys and expeditions that the original discoverers encountered is something that the human brain can almost not even comprehend. But just like in the 6^th century of B.C.E the men, women, and children needed to eat to maintain their strength to continue their heroic discoveries. It hurts the mind to actually think about how old and Asia actually is, the classic dumpling was around hundreds of years before Columbus even stepped foot in the West Indies. Japanese and Chinese cuisine is the most interesting and complex form of food in the world due to the origins of the food, the unique methods of preparation of the food that vary across each country, and the worldwide popularity of the food. The arguments against the cuisine of Japanese and Chinese people is that the food can be bland and unsatisfying, but the arguments are weakened by the fact that the majority of the people in the world consume rice, chicken, or vegetables either grown on Japanese or Chinese soil.

Annotated Bibliography:

Yurtoğlu, Nadir. “Http%3a%2f%2fwww.Historystudies.net%2fdergi%2f%2fbirinci-Dunya-Savasinda-Bir-Asayis-Sorunu-Sebinkarahisar-Ermeni-isyani20181092a4a8f.Pdf.” History Studies International Journal of History, vol. 10, no. 7, 2018, pp. 241–264., doi:10.9737/hist.2018.658.

Yurtoglu provides an in depth, and very directive summary about Japanese and Chinese herbal cooking. A fantastic use of imagery and certain styles of cooking that have evolved over the centuries in both China and Japan. Includes recipes that are used today, and the history of the recipes in the early years of the country. The author includes famous Asians that discovered certain methods of cooking meat, eggs, and other dairy products safely and sanitary. Various photos of delicious, authentic, Chinese and Japanese foods.

Thesis

The Chinese and Japanese have been around for a long time dating back well over 100,000 years. Because of this the food has been extremely interesting and as the years have gone on you can see the changes in the food that both cultures eat. From the Chinese with the food being sweet, spicy and overall and a rollercoaster of tastes to the Japanese with the food not being as exciting but still interesting. The two types of food that the Chinese and Japanese eat being considered some of the best diets that anyone can eat and with the oldest person coming from Japan shows that both have balanced diets. 

Tsu, Timothy Yun Hui. “Fat, Spices, Culture and More: Chinese Food in Postwar Japanese Gastronomic Writings.” Asian Studies Review 34, no. 1 (2010): 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357820903568235. 

This article talks about how the Japanese and Chinese make their food. And how the culture of the two influence how the food is prepared. and how the stomach of the two are different and how this affects the types of food the two eat. 

        Knechtges, David R. 2002. “Chinese Food Science and Culinary History: A New Study.”               The Journal of the American        Oriental Society 122 (4): 767. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsglr&AN=edsgcl.108396117&site=eds-live.

This article talks about everything that comes with Chinese food, how it is made and it talks about how the alcohol is made and other drinks that the Chinese drink. it mostly talks about the drinks that the Chinese drink 

   O’Shea, Paul. 2015. “Dodgy Dumplings and Lethal Liver: Risk, Food Terrorism, and Sino–Japanese Relations.” Pacific Review 28 (2): 303–21. doi:10.1080/09512748.2014.995128.

This article talks about the dangers of some of the foods that the Japanese eat and what it does to the body. It mostly talks about the food in the past and not modern foods since the food now has more restrictions on how it can be made. 

 Liu, Ping, Qin Xiang, Gong Chen, Yan Liu, Gang Zhai, Shixu Lu, and Zhenming Che. 2018. “Consumer Preference of Chinese Traditional Fermented Fava Pastes.” International Journal of Food Properties 21 (1): 2469–90. doi:10.1080/10942912.2018.1528271.

In this article it talks about the difference in the pastas that the Chinese eat and how you see the difference. It goes on to talk about what the consumers like to eat and which ones are the most popular. It talks about what is made in each of them and what people expect from each of the pastas. 

Choi, Juwon, and Hyeongjin “Harry” Jeon. 2020. “Are All Asian Tourists the Same? Chinese versus Japanese Dining Satisfaction.” British Food Journal 122 (11): 3529. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.bsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=146394817&site=eds-live.

This article talks about how the service is different in both China and Japan. It talks about the quality of the service of both and it looks at airports and. Looking at this helps people to understand what people should expect from the two it is directed to tourists. it tries to show that the two are not the same and that all the asian countries are different, that they have different expectations of food and dining and that they are not the same.

The Evolution of Japan’s Education System

            What comes to your mind when you think of schools in Japan and the atmosphere revolved around it? Harsh? Strict? Demanding? There is a stigma behind Japan’s education system and their students that it is more militant like and the students’ lives are completely dependent on their success. I will argue that the evolution of Japan’s education system has led them from a more militant like education system to a more Westernized one. The school systems in Japan have changed dramatically from years before the Edo period to today. The system was in fact created around a military like standpoint and then transformed into a more modern, westernized system like ours in America. While the pressures and stress is still drastically high on the student’s in Japan, it is nowhere near as bad as it was hundreds of years ago. 

Annotated Bibliography: 

-       “Education in Japan: Past and Present.” Accessed November 12, 2020. https://www.nier.go.jp/English/educationjapan/pdf/201103EJPP.pdf. 

·      This article discusses Japan’s education system from 250 years before the Edo period to the present-day system. It is broken up into sections about each major reform that has taken place. It also goes into detail the reason behind the reforms and the ideologies that were behind the reason for change. It discusses what the system was like in the Meiji period as well as the concepts that surrounded the education system. 

-       Yurtoğlu, Nadir. “Http%3a%2f%2fwww.Historystudies.net%2fdergi%2f%2fbirinci-Dunya-Savasinda-Bir-Asayis-Sorunu-Sebinkarahisar-Ermeni-isyani20181092a4a8f.Pdf.” History Studies International Journal of History 10, no. 7 (2018): 241–64. https://doi.org/10.9737/hist.2018.658.

·      This academic journal focuses on the changes made in Japan’s higher education. I will use this article to discuss how there were two forces that were behind the structural changes to the higher-level education in Japan and how they balanced the two. This journal also discusses the involvement of politics and how they play a role in their education and they structure of their system. 

-       “Pt. 1 Overview of the History of Japan's Education.” Accessed November 2020. https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-Studies/english/publications/reports/study/topical/educational/pdf/educational_02.pdf. 

·      This Journal discusses the history of Japan’s education system as well but contains more information about the idea of the education becoming more westernized. It includes the idea behind it as well as the impact of having a more westernized system had on students and their attendance. 

-       “Japan - History Background.” StateUniversity.com. Accessed November 12, 2020. https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/736/Japan-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.html. 

·      This article is not as in depth as the others, but it goes through and talks about some of the main ideas behind Japan’s education system and some of their beliefs. I will use this article for some of my information throughout about what the Japanese belive to be some of their main ideas they implement in their education that does not go as in depth as the other articles. 

When people hear the world India, they often think about two things: the food or the caste system. They often do not know much about either, but the idea that the one is somewhat decent and the other is just terrible and how could society ever want to have such a system. The caste system in India is a system where the society is split into 5 castes such as the Brahmins (Priests), Kshatriya (warriors), Vaishya (merchants), Sudra (commoners), and Dalits (untouchables). I focused my research on the caste system and wanted to look at changes over the years as well as if those changes helped the society or not. In my research, I focused especially on the violence that women in the untouchable caste have to experience. Even though the government passed laws that prohibited the official existence of the untouchable caste, people that used to belong to the cast still experience inequality, and women belong to the untouchable caste experience more violent acts against them than any other caste. 

Reference 

Dalwai, Sameena. 2016. Dalit Women Speak out: Caste, Class and Gender Violence in India. New Delhi: Contemporary Asian studies.

            This will be one of my main resources for the paper. It will help me to make the argument that women in the Dalit caste experience a lot of violence. This book conducted a study on different women and they life. They focus as the title say son inequality they have to experience. I will focus on the part where it analyzes women and rape numbers as well as talks about consequences and reasons behind it  is an academically source because it is prereview and also because it published by an academic publisher 

Fox, Richard G. 1967. “Resiliency and Change in the Indian Caste System: The Umar of

U.P.” The Journal of Asian Studies 26 (4).

            This article talks about changes in in the Indian caste. One of it main points is that there are once a lot of sub castes in the 5 main castes as well as different castes depending on where you go. He also argues that castes should eb separated on a political and social level. I will use this text in my paper to briefly explain the Indian caste system and then focus on the changes that have occurred over the year. With a focus on political involvement of the less dominate castes.  This an academic article because it is peer-reviewed and also because it is published in an academic journal. 

Manor, James. 2015. “After Fifty Years of Political and Social Change: Caste Associations and Politics in India.” Pacific Affairs (2).

            This article focuses once on the change castes saw politically and the reason behind this change. It talks about laws that have been past to decrease the inequality in India. Another point it makes is that there are a lot of different castes based on someone’s religion. I will use this article to talk about the changes in the caste system and how they might not have helped as much as expected. It is a academic article because it is peer-reviewed and also because it is published in an academic journal. 

Mohan, Raj P. 1970. “Traditionalism and Change in Indian Caste System: An Overview.” Indian

Sociological Bulletin 7 (3/4): 202–9. 

            This article talks a lot about the change that as occurred over the year in the caste system. It also gives dates to when those events happened and what happened after some changes in the society. It also talks about how there are not enough changes made yet and how people try to make changes socially. I will use this article to talk about how the changes made did not help as much as people wanted it to change, and also to support the claim that changes have to be made socially in order to see a difference.  It is a academic article because it is peer-reviewed and also because it is published in an academic source.

2014. “I Wish My Daughter Had Been Killed Too, Says Mother of ‘Untouchable’ India Gang-

Rape Victim. United Kingdom: The Telegraph Online.

www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10865179/I-wish-my-daughter-had-been-killed-too-says-mother-of-untouchable-India-gang-rape-victim.html.

            This is a personal experience article in the view of a mother whose should has been raped. She talks about how a rape can be really bad for someone’s reputation as well as reason behind a rape. I will use this article to give examples as well as to show why so many women Dalits are getting raped. 

Sahas, Jan. 2014. “Help 200 Rape Survivors for Justice in India” http://www.globalgiving.org/projects/help-200-rapesurvivors-for-justice-in-india/. 

            This is a short note on a website where you can donate money to help Indian rape survivors that states some facts and numbers about how many have been raped in India because of their caste. I will use those numbers to support the claim I am making.   

Warner, Gregory. 2020 “Caste Arrives in Silicon Valley” NPR: Planet Money.

            This podcast talks about who more and more Indian people arrive in Silicon Valley and how those people want to find out the cast of other Indians by asking subtle questions that would never look offensive to non--Indians. They also talk about the discrimination Indians from lower caste face when they Indian co-workers find out their caste. I will use this article because once they educated me to use the term dominant and non-dominant caste as well as some of the numbers they name about women getting raped etc. This can be considered an academic source because they have a guest speaker that shares information that she studied over the years.